Rheumatoid Arthritis Care in Grand Rapids, Michigan

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition in which your immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of your joints. Instead of targeting viruses and bacteria, the immune system causes ongoing inflammation that can lead to joint pain, swelling, and long‑term damage.

In Grand Rapids, Michigan, people living with rheumatoid arthritis can access specialized care through major health systems such as Corewell Health (formerly Spectrum Health), Trinity Health Grand Rapids, University of Michigan Health-West (Metro Health), and Mercy Health. Understanding RA and getting early treatment can help you stay active through West Michigan’s changing seasons.

How Rheumatoid Arthritis Affects Your Joints

Joints: Where Bones Meet and Movement Happens

Bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons all work together so you can bend, twist, walk, and stay active—whether you’re walking along the Grand River or shoveling snow in a Michigan winter.

Each joint has:

  • Cartilage – a smooth, slippery cushion covering the ends of bones, helping them move easily and absorb shock.
  • Joint capsule – a tough outer layer that encloses the joint.
  • Synovial membrane – the inner lining of the capsule.
  • Synovial fluid – a thick fluid that lubricates and nourishes the joint.

What Happens in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the synovial membrane and other joint tissues. This causes:

  • Inflammation of the synovial membrane
  • Build-up of synovial fluid in the joint
  • Cartilage damage – cartilage becomes brittle and wears away
  • Joint stiffness and pain – the joint surface is no longer smooth
  • Damage to ligaments, tendons, and nearby muscles – joints may become unstable or deformed over time

Without treatment, RA can lead to permanent joint damage and disability. Early diagnosis and treatment—available through rheumatology clinics in Grand Rapids—can greatly reduce this risk.

Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis can affect many joints, often on both sides of the body (for example, both hands or both knees). Common symptoms include:

  • Swelling, pain, warmth, and tenderness in joints
  • Stiffness, especially in the morning or after sitting still (common during long winter evenings in Michigan)
  • Swelling and pain in the small joints of the hands, wrists, and feet
  • The same joints on both sides of the body being affected
  • Persistent fatigue (feeling mentally and physically tired)

Less common symptoms may include:

  • Weight loss
  • Rheumatoid nodules – firm, fleshy lumps under the skin, often near the elbows, hands, or feet
  • Inflammation in other organs, such as:
    • Eyes (red, painful, or dry eyes)
    • Lungs (shortness of breath, chest discomfort)

Rheumatoid arthritis can occur at any age, but it most often begins between ages 30 and 60.

It Affects Women More Often Than Men

Women in Grand Rapids and across Michigan are more likely than men to develop rheumatoid arthritis. Hormonal factors may play a role, along with genetics and environmental triggers.

Flares: When Symptoms Suddenly Get Worse

Symptoms May Change from Day to Day

Rheumatoid arthritis is often unpredictable. You may have days when symptoms are mild, and other days when they are much worse.

When pain, swelling, and fatigue suddenly increase, this is called a flare.

What Is a Flare?

A flare is a period when:

  • Joint pain and swelling become more intense
  • Stiffness lasts longer, especially in the morning
  • Fatigue, weakness, and brain fog feel worse
  • Everyday activities—like walking downtown Grand Rapids or climbing stairs—feel more difficult

Flares can be triggered by infections, stress, overexertion, or sometimes for no clear reason. Working with a local rheumatologist can help you develop a flare management plan that fits your lifestyle and work schedule.

What Causes Rheumatoid Arthritis?

The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute:

  • Genetics – certain genes increase your risk of RA
  • Hormones – may help explain why RA is more common in women
  • Infections – some bacteria or viruses may trigger RA in people who are genetically susceptible
  • Environmental factors – such as:
    • Cigarette smoke
    • Air pollutants
    • Possibly other environmental exposures

In West Michigan, where winter can limit outdoor activity and increase indoor exposure to pollutants or secondhand smoke, avoiding smoking is especially important for people at risk of RA.

When to See a Doctor in Grand Rapids

If you’re experiencing:

  • Ongoing joint pain, swelling, or warmth
  • Morning stiffness lasting longer than 30 minutes
  • Fatigue along with joint symptoms

you should schedule an appointment with your primary care provider in Grand Rapids or the surrounding Kent County area.

Early Diagnosis Is Critical

Getting a diagnosis as soon as possible means treatment can start quickly. Early treatment can:

  • Control inflammation
  • Reduce pain
  • Slow or prevent joint damage
  • Lower the risk of disability

If your doctor suspects rheumatoid arthritis, you may be referred to a rheumatologist at:

  • Corewell Health (Spectrum Health) Rheumatology
  • Trinity Health Grand Rapids Rheumatology
  • University of Michigan Health-West (Metro Health) Rheumatology
  • Other rheumatology clinics in the greater Grand Rapids area

The rheumatologist may order blood tests, imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, MRI), and a detailed joint exam.

Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis

There is currently no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, but there are many effective treatments that can help you live an active life in Grand Rapids—through hot summers and icy winters.

Building a strong relationship with your primary care provider, rheumatologist, and local healthcare team is essential.

Medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Your treatment plan is tailored to your symptoms, disease severity, and overall health. Common medication types include:

1. Pain Relievers (Analgesics)

  • Examples: acetaminophen (Tylenol)
  • Purpose: temporary relief of pain
  • Do not reduce inflammation or prevent joint damage, but can help you stay comfortable.

2. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

  • Examples: ibuprofen, naproxen
  • Purpose: reduce inflammation and provide pain relief
  • Available over the counter and by prescription
  • Your doctor will monitor for side effects such as stomach irritation or kidney issues.

3. Corticosteroids

  • Example: prednisone / prednisolone
  • Purpose: quickly reduce inflammation and pain
  • Often used for short periods or during flares
  • Long-term use can cause side effects, so dosing and duration are carefully managed.

4. Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)

  • Example: methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine
  • Purpose: control the overactive immune system and slow or stop joint damage
  • Often started soon after diagnosis
  • Require regular blood tests, which can be done at labs throughout Grand Rapids.

5. Biologic and Biosimilar DMARDs (bDMARDs)

  • Examples: infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, and their biosimilars
  • Purpose: target specific parts of the immune system in a more precise way
  • Often used when traditional DMARDs alone are not enough
  • Given by injection or infusion, sometimes at hospital-based infusion centers at Corewell Health or Trinity Health Grand Rapids.

Your rheumatologist may prescribe one medication or a combination depending on your symptoms, lab results, and response to treatment.

Self-Management: Living Well with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Grand Rapids

Medical treatment is just one part of managing RA. Lifestyle changes and self-care can make a big difference in your pain, mobility, and quality of life.

Learn About Rheumatoid Arthritis

Understanding your condition helps you:

  • Make informed decisions about treatment
  • Recognize early signs of flares
  • Communicate effectively with your healthcare team

Local resources such as the Kent County Health Department and Grand Rapids Public Health programs may provide education and support for chronic disease management.

Stay Active with Safe Exercise

Regular, gentle exercise helps:

  • Maintain joint flexibility
  • Strengthen muscles that support your joints
  • Improve stamina and balance
  • Reduce pain and stiffness

Low-impact exercises that work well in West Michigan include:

  • Warm-water exercise – pools at local YMCA or fitness centers in Grand Rapids
  • Cycling or stationary biking – great during cold or icy months
  • Walking – use indoor malls or community centers when sidewalks are slippery
  • Tai chi or yoga – improve balance, strength, and relaxation
  • Strength training – with light weights or resistance bands

Before starting an exercise program, talk with:

  • A physical therapist (PT)
  • An exercise physiologist

Your doctor can refer you to specialists within Grand Rapids health systems for personalized exercise plans.

Work with a Physical Therapist

A physical therapist can:

  • Show you ways to move that reduce joint stress
  • Teach pain relief techniques (heat, cold, gentle stretches)
  • Design a tailored exercise program based on your abilities and goals

PT services are widely available through Corewell Health, University of Michigan Health-West, Trinity Health, and independent clinics across Grand Rapids.

Talk with an Occupational Therapist (OT)

An occupational therapist can help you:

  • Pace activities to manage fatigue
  • Modify daily tasks at home and work to protect your joints
  • Learn joint protection techniques
  • Select adaptive tools and devices

This can be especially helpful for people working in physically demanding jobs common in West Michigan industries.

Use Helpful Aids and Devices

Assistive devices can reduce strain on your joints and help you stay independent, such as:

  • Walking aids (canes, walkers)
  • Special kitchen tools with larger, easy-grip handles
  • Ergonomic computer keyboards and mice
  • Long-handled shoehorns and reachers

Your OT or PT can recommend products and local suppliers in the Grand Rapids area.

Manage Stress and Practice Relaxation

Chronic pain and fatigue can affect mood and sleep. Techniques that may help include:

  • Deep breathing and muscle relaxation
  • Guided imagery or mindfulness
  • Gentle stretching before bed
  • Listening to calming music

Many counseling and behavioral health services in Grand Rapids specialize in chronic illness support.

Stay at Work if Possible

Work can provide structure, purpose, and income. Talk with your:

  • Doctor
  • Occupational therapist
  • Employer or HR department

about possible accommodations, such as modified duties, flexible schedules, or ergonomic changes to your workspace.

Eat a Balanced, Heart-Healthy Diet

There is no specific “rheumatoid arthritis diet,” but a healthy eating pattern can:

  • Support overall health
  • Help manage weight
  • Lower your risk of diabetes and heart disease, which are more common in people with RA

Aim for:

  • Plenty of fruits and vegetables
  • Whole grains
  • Lean proteins (fish, poultry, beans)
  • Healthy fats (olive oil, nuts, seeds)

Omega-3 Fats and Fish Oil

Research suggests that omega-3 fats may help reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Sources include:

  • Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines)
  • Fish oil supplements

Always talk with your doctor or rheumatologist before starting supplements, as they can interact with medications or affect bleeding risk.

Consider Complementary Therapies (With Medical Guidance)

Some people find additional relief from:

  • Massage therapy
  • Acupuncture
  • Heat and cold therapy

Discuss any complementary treatments with your rheumatologist or primary care provider to ensure they’re safe and appropriate for you.

Joint Surgery for Rheumatoid Arthritis

In some cases, when joint damage and pain are severe or function is at risk, surgery may be recommended. Surgical options can include:

  • Joint repair
  • Joint replacement (such as hip or knee replacement)
  • Tendon repair

Orthopedic surgeons in Grand Rapids hospitals, including Corewell Health and Trinity Health Grand Rapids, perform advanced joint surgeries and provide rehabilitation services.

Local Resources and Support in Grand Rapids

If you’re living with rheumatoid arthritis in Grand Rapids or Kent County, consider:

  • Primary Care Provider (PCP) – first step for evaluation and referrals
  • Rheumatologist – for diagnosis, medication management, and long-term care
  • Physical and Occupational Therapy – for exercise, joint protection, and daily function
  • Kent County Health Department – chronic disease resources and public health programs
  • Local support groups or hospital-based education programs – ask your rheumatology clinic about options

If you have questions about medicines, talk directly with your pharmacist or healthcare provider. Many hospital systems in Grand Rapids also offer nurse advice lines and patient portals for medication questions and follow-up.

Key Points for Grand Rapids Residents with Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Symptoms can change from day to day, and flares may occur without warning.
  • Pain, fatigue, and inflammation may become more intense during flares.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent joint damage and disability.
  • Always talk with your doctor or rheumatologist before starting or changing any treatment, including supplements or complementary therapies.
  • Combining medical treatment with healthy lifestyle habits—exercise, balanced diet, joint protection, and stress management—can help you live well with rheumatoid arthritis in Grand Rapids, Michigan.