What is a diaphragm?

A diaphragm is a non-hormonal barrier method of contraception. It is a soft, shallow silicone cup that fits inside the vagina and covers the cervix (the opening to the uterus or womb). By blocking the cervix, it helps stop sperm from reaching and fertilizing an egg.

In the United States, the most common one-size diaphragm is sold as Caya®. It is always used together with a special contraceptive gel (such as Caya Gel®), which helps kill sperm and improves the seal around the cervix.

In Grand Rapids, Michigan, diaphragms are one of several birth control options available through local OB/GYN clinics, primary care providers, and family planning services.

How diaphragms work

The diaphragm and contraceptive gel work together as a physical and chemical barrier:

  • The diaphragm covers the cervix so sperm cannot easily enter the uterus.
  • The gel (spermicide) reduces sperm movement and helps seal the diaphragm in place.
  • Sperm that remain in the vagina die off quickly, especially when blocked from entering the uterus.

Diaphragms do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). For STI protection, you should also use a condom (external or internal) or talk with a provider about other prevention options.

How effective are diaphragms?

When used correctly every time, diaphragms are about 86% effective at preventing pregnancy. That means that out of 100 people using a diaphragm perfectly for one year, about 14 may become pregnant.

Effectiveness drops (to around 82% or lower) if:

  • The diaphragm is not inserted correctly
  • It is used without contraceptive gel
  • It is removed less than 6 hours after sex
  • It is left in for longer than 24 hours
  • The diaphragm is torn, damaged, or past its expiration date

Your Grand Rapids healthcare provider can show you how to use a diaphragm properly so you get the best protection possible.

How to use a diaphragm

Before using a diaphragm for the first time, it is a good idea to have a doctor or nurse check that:

  • The diaphragm is the right shape and size for you (some people’s anatomy is not a good match)
  • You know how to insert and remove it comfortably

Step-by-step use

  1. Check the diaphragm

    • Look for holes, tears, or cracks by holding it up to the light.
    • Make sure it is within its expiry date (most last around 2 years).

  2. Apply contraceptive gel

    • Place about one teaspoon of gel into the cup of the diaphragm.
    • Spread a small amount around the rim for a better seal.

  3. Insert the diaphragm

    • Wash your hands.
    • Fold the diaphragm and gently insert it into your vagina.
    • Push it back so it covers the cervix completely (a provider can teach you how to feel for your cervix).
    • You can insert it up to 2 hours before sex.

  4. After sex

    • Leave the diaphragm in place for at least 6 hours after the last time you have sex.
    • Do not leave it in for more than 24 hours total.

  5. Removing and cleaning

    • Wash your hands.
    • Gently hook a finger under the rim and pull it out.
    • Wash with mild soap and water, rinse well, and let it air dry.
    • Store it in its case, away from heat and direct sunlight.

Caya® offers an instructional video on how to use their diaphragm, which can be helpful to watch along with guidance from a Grand Rapids healthcare provider.

Who might diaphragms suit?

Diaphragms can be a good option if you:

  • Prefer non-hormonal contraception
  • Want a method you only use when you have sex
  • Like the ability to insert it hours before sex
  • Want control over your birth control without a daily pill

They may be especially appealing for some people in Grand Rapids who:

  • Experience side effects from hormonal methods
  • Have health conditions where estrogen-containing methods are not recommended
  • Prefer a reusable, discreet option

Advantages of diaphragms

  • Non-hormonal – no effect on your natural menstrual cycle
  • On-demand use – only needed when you have sex
  • Can be inserted hours before sex
  • Reusable – usually lasts about 2 years if cared for properly
  • Can be purchased without a prescription in some settings, though a fitting or teaching visit is strongly recommended
  • Can be used together with condoms for extra protection

Possible side effects and risks

Most people have little or no side effects, but some may experience:

  • Irritation of the vagina or penis (from the diaphragm or gel)
  • Increased risk of bladder infection (cystitis), especially if you are prone to UTIs
  • Rarely, toxic shock syndrome (TSS) if the diaphragm is left in too long (longer than 24 hours)

Stop using the diaphragm and seek medical advice if you notice:

  • Sudden high fever
  • Rash, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Severe muscle aches

These can be signs of TSS and require urgent care. In Grand Rapids, you can go to Spectrum Health Butterworth Hospital, Trinity Health Grand Rapids, or another local emergency department if you have serious symptoms.

A diaphragm might not be the best choice if you:

  • Are prone to bladder infections
  • Have given birth within the last 6 weeks (your uterus and cervix are still changing size)
  • Have certain pelvic or uterine conditions that change the shape or position of the cervix
  • Are unable to feel whether your cervix is covered correctly
  • Find it physically difficult to insert or remove the device
  • Have a history of toxic shock syndrome

You should usually wait about 6 weeks after having a baby before starting or refitting a diaphragm, as your body changes after pregnancy and delivery.

If you forget to use your diaphragm

If you:

  • Forget to insert the diaphragm before sex
  • Remove it less than 6 hours after sex
  • Realize it was not covering your cervix properly
  • Used it without gel or it was torn

You may need emergency contraception to reduce the risk of pregnancy.

In Grand Rapids, emergency contraception (like the morning-after pill) is available at:

  • Pharmacies (often without a prescription)
  • Urgent care centers
  • Family planning and OB/GYN clinics

Ask your provider or pharmacist which option is best for you and how soon you should take it.

If you become pregnant while using a diaphragm, it is safe to continue the pregnancy (and stop using the diaphragm) or to consider abortion. Talk with a trusted healthcare provider in Grand Rapids about your options.

Diaphragms and STI protection

Diaphragms:

  • Do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
  • Should be used with condoms if you are at risk of STIs or have new/multiple partners

For STI testing and treatment in Grand Rapids, you can contact:

  • Kent County Health Department – Sexual Health Services
  • Spectrum Health or Trinity Health Grand Rapids sexual health clinics
  • Local Planned Parenthood or community health centers

Grand Rapids–specific considerations

Living in Grand Rapids and West Michigan can affect sexual and reproductive health choices:

  • Cold winters and long indoor seasons may change sexual activity patterns and access to in-person care—telehealth visits for contraception counseling are often available through local health systems.
  • The college and young adult population (e.g., Grand Valley State University, Calvin University, Aquinas College, GRCC) means many people are navigating contraception for the first time and may prefer non-hormonal methods like diaphragms.
  • Grand Rapids residents have access to large integrated health systems and community clinics, making it easier to combine diaphragm use with regular preventive care (Pap smears, STI screening, and wellness visits).

Where to get a diaphragm in Grand Rapids, Michigan

You can ask for information, fitting, or prescriptions (if needed) for diaphragms at:

Local health systems and clinics

  • Spectrum Health (Corewell Health) – Grand Rapids
    • OB/GYN and women’s health clinics throughout the metro area
  • Trinity Health Grand Rapids
    • Women’s Health and Family Medicine clinics
  • Metro Health – University of Michigan Health
    • Primary care and OB/GYN offices in the Grand Rapids region
  • Mercy Health affiliated clinics (now part of Trinity/Corewell networks)

Public and community health resources

  • Kent County Health Department
    • Sexual and reproductive health services, STI testing, and contraception counseling
  • Grand Rapids Public Health and community health centers
    • May offer low-cost or sliding-scale contraception services
  • Local Planned Parenthood health centers (nearest locations serving Grand Rapids area)
    • Birth control counseling, diaphragms, condoms, emergency contraception

Pharmacies and online options

  • Many Grand Rapids pharmacies carry Caya® diaphragms and contraceptive gels or can order them for you.
  • Online pharmacies and medical supply websites can ship diaphragms and gel to Michigan, but it is still recommended to have at least one in-person or telehealth visit to learn correct use.

Who to talk to for help in Grand Rapids

If you are considering a diaphragm or want to review all your birth control options, you can contact:

  • Your primary care doctor or family medicine provider
  • Your OB/GYN at Spectrum Health, Trinity Health Grand Rapids, Metro Health, or Mercy Health
  • Kent County Health Department sexual health services
  • Community health centers and women’s health clinics in Grand Rapids
  • School-based or college health centers, if you are a student

They can:

  • Explain how diaphragms compare to other birth control methods
  • Help you decide if a diaphragm is right for your health needs
  • Show you how to insert and remove it comfortably
  • Discuss STI prevention, emergency contraception, and routine screenings

Other barrier methods

A diaphragm is one type of barrier contraception. Others include:

  • External (male) condoms
  • Internal (female) condoms
  • Cervical caps (less commonly used in the U.S.)

Your Grand Rapids healthcare provider can help you mix and match methods—for example, using a diaphragm plus condoms—to improve pregnancy prevention and reduce STI risk.

If you live in the Grand Rapids, MI area and want to explore diaphragms or other contraceptive options, scheduling a visit with a local OB/GYN, family doctor, or the Kent County Health Department is a good first step. They can provide personalized, confidential advice based on your health history and lifestyle.