Cancer and Heredity in Grand Rapids, Michigan

Genes play a role in the development of some cancers, especially breast, bowel (colorectal), stomach, and prostate cancers. However, for most people in Grand Rapids and across Michigan, environmental and lifestyle factors—such as tobacco use, diet, alcohol, infections, certain drugs, radiation, and chemical exposures—are more important than inherited (genetic) factors in determining cancer risk.

Living in West Michigan, where winters are long and cold and outdoor activity can drop for several months, lifestyle factors like physical activity, diet, and weight management are especially important to consider alongside family history.

All Cancer Is Triggered by Altered Genes

Every cancer starts with changes (mutations) in genes that control how cells grow and divide. These gene changes can happen in two main ways:

  • Inherited (hereditary) mutations – passed from parent to child through egg or sperm cells
  • Acquired (somatic) mutations – develop during a person’s lifetime due to aging, environmental exposures, or random cell errors

Only about 5–10% of all cancers are truly hereditary. That means the majority of cancers seen in Grand Rapids residents are not caused by genes passed down through families, but instead by a combination of aging, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

However, when the same type of cancer appears in multiple family members—especially at younger ages—it can suggest a genetic link and may warrant a closer look.

Breast Cancer and Heredity in Grand Rapids

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in the United States and is frequently diagnosed in women in Michigan, including the Grand Rapids area.

Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Many factors can influence a woman’s chance of developing breast cancer. The most common risk factors include:

  • Being a woman
  • Getting older (risk increases with age)
  • Family history of breast or ovarian cancer
  • Certain inherited genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2)
  • Personal history of breast conditions or previous breast cancer
  • Hormone exposure (such as long-term hormone replacement therapy)
  • Obesity, especially after menopause
  • Alcohol use
  • Limited physical activity

Despite the importance of family history, hereditary factors are responsible for only about 5% (1 in 20) of breast cancer cases. Most breast cancers in West Michigan women are not directly caused by inherited mutations.

Local Breast Cancer Care in Grand Rapids

If you live in the Grand Rapids metro area and are concerned about breast cancer risk or have a strong family history, you can access high-quality screening and care through:

  • Corewell Health (formerly Spectrum Health) – breast centers and genetic counseling services
  • Trinity Health Grand Rapids – breast imaging, oncology, and high-risk clinics
  • University of Michigan Health–West (Metro Health) – breast care and cancer genetics services
  • Mercy Health (now part of Trinity Health) – oncology and women’s health services

These systems often offer mammography, 3D mammograms, breast MRI (for high-risk patients), and access to genetic counselors.

Bowel (Colorectal) Cancer and Heredity

Bowel (colorectal) cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States and is a major health concern in Michigan. Colorectal cancer risk is influenced by age, lifestyle, and, in some cases, inherited genetic factors.

Age Is the Biggest Single Risk Factor

  • More than 8 out of 10 colorectal cancers occur in people over age 60.
  • The risk of developing colorectal cancer increases as you get older.

In Michigan, where diets can be higher in red and processed meats and physical activity may decrease during long winters, lifestyle factors play a major role.

Preventable With Lifestyle Changes

It is estimated that about two out of three colorectal cancers could be prevented with changes in diet and lifestyle, including:

  • Eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
  • Reducing red and processed meat intake
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Staying physically active year-round (indoor exercise during Grand Rapids winters)
  • Limiting alcohol and avoiding tobacco

Hereditary Colorectal Cancer

Some people inherit gene changes that greatly increase their risk of colorectal cancer, such as:

  • Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer)
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

If these conditions run in your family, your risk is higher than average and screening may need to start earlier and occur more often.

Other Cancers With a Genetic Component

While most cancers are not inherited, certain types are more likely to have a genetic component, including:

  • Breast cancer
  • Bowel (colorectal) cancer
  • Stomach (gastric) cancer
  • Prostate cancer

Men in West Michigan, including Grand Rapids, should be aware that prostate cancer risk increases with age and may be higher if there is a family history of prostate or related cancers.

What Is a “Strong Family History” of Cancer?

A strong family history of cancer usually means one or more of the following:

  • Several relatives on the same side of the family (mother’s or father’s side) have had the same or related types of cancer
  • Cancers diagnosed at an unusually young age (for example, breast cancer before age 50, or colorectal cancer before age 50)
  • A relative who has had two or more separate cancers (such as breast cancer in both breasts, or breast and ovarian cancer)
  • A known inherited gene mutation in the family (for example, BRCA1, BRCA2, or Lynch syndrome genes)

If this sounds like your family, you may benefit from a cancer genetics evaluation.

Assessing Family History of Cancer in Grand Rapids

When a doctor or genetic counselor evaluates your family history, they typically:

  1. Collect detailed information about relatives on both sides of your family, including:
    • Types of cancer
    • Ages at diagnosis
    • Whether anyone had multiple cancers
  2. Confirm diagnoses when possible by reviewing medical records or pathology reports
  3. Estimate your personal cancer risk based on patterns in your family
  4. Recommend screening and prevention strategies, which may include earlier or more frequent tests

In the Grand Rapids area, cancer risk assessment and genetic counseling are available through:

  • Corewell Health (Spectrum Health) Cancer Genetics Programs
  • Trinity Health Grand Rapids – Cancer Genetics and Risk Assessment
  • University of Michigan Health–West (Metro Health) Oncology and Genetics

Your primary care provider or OB/GYN can refer you to these services.

Genetic Testing: When Is It Appropriate?

Additional Tests for Risk Assessment

If your family history suggests a hereditary cancer syndrome, your healthcare provider may recommend:

  • Genetic counseling – a detailed discussion with a specialist about your family history, risks, and testing options
  • Genetic testing – a blood or saliva test to look for specific inherited gene mutations

Genetic testing is usually offered after careful discussion of:

  • What the test can and cannot tell you
  • Possible emotional impacts of results
  • Implications for your medical care
  • Potential impact on family members
  • Insurance and privacy considerations

Not everyone with a family history of cancer needs genetic testing. Many people are found to be at average or only slightly increased risk, and standard screening is appropriate.

Screening and Early Detection in Grand Rapids

If you are found to have a higher-than-average risk of cancer, you may be referred to a specialist who can recommend:

  • Earlier or more frequent mammograms or breast MRI
  • Earlier or more frequent colonoscopies
  • Screening for other specific cancers (such as ovarian, stomach, or prostate) depending on your risk profile
  • Preventive medications or, in rare high-risk cases, preventive surgeries

Early detection is especially important in West Michigan, where people may delay care during harsh winter months or due to transportation challenges. Regular screening can help ensure prompt treatment and better outcomes.

Local Cancer and Genetics Resources in Grand Rapids

If you live in Grand Rapids or Kent County and have questions about hereditary cancer risk, screening, or prevention, you can start with:

Local Medical Providers

  • Your primary care provider (PCP) or family doctor
  • OB/GYN or women’s health provider
  • Oncologist (cancer specialist) if you or a close relative has had cancer

Health Systems and Clinics

  • Corewell Health (Spectrum Health) – Grand Rapids
  • Trinity Health Grand Rapids
  • University of Michigan Health–West (Metro Health)
  • Mercy Health / Trinity Health locations in West Michigan

These systems often have dedicated cancer centers, breast centers, and genetic counseling services.

Public Health and Community Resources

  • Kent County Health Department – information on cancer screening programs, tobacco cessation, and general public health resources
  • Grand Rapids Public Health resources – community education and support programs
  • Local chapters of national organizations (e.g., American Cancer Society) that can help with transportation, support groups, and education

Key Points About Cancer and Heredity for Grand Rapids Residents

  • All cancers are caused by changes in genes, but only about 5–10% are truly hereditary.
  • Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in U.S. women; most cases are not due to inherited mutations.
  • The most common breast cancer risk factors are being a woman and getting older; family history and certain gene mutations add additional risk.
  • Colorectal (bowel) cancer risk increases with age, especially after 60; many cases could be prevented with lifestyle changes and regular screening.
  • A strong family history (multiple relatives, early-onset cancers, or multiple cancers in one person) may suggest a hereditary cancer syndrome.
  • Grand Rapids residents have access to specialist genetic services, cancer screening, and treatment through major local health systems.
  • Talk with your doctor if you are concerned about your family history—early risk assessment and screening can significantly improve outcomes.

If you live in the Grand Rapids, MI area and are unsure whether your family history is concerning, start by discussing it with your primary care provider. They can help you decide whether a referral to a genetic counselor or cancer specialist is right for you.